Liquid ammonia, also known as anhydrous ammonia, is colorless and has a strong pungent smell. As an important chemical raw material, ammonia is usually pressurized or cooled to obtain liquid ammonia for convenient transportation and storage. Ammonia is easily soluble in water, and forms ammonium ion nh4+ and hydroxyl ion oh- after dissolving in water, which is an alkaline alkaline solution. Liquid ammonia is mostly stored in pressure cylinders or steel tanks, and cannot coexist with acetaldehyde, acrolein, boron and other substances. Liquid ammonia is widely used in industry, which is corrosive and easy to volatilize, so its chemical accident rate is very high.

Application of liquid ammonia products

Liquid ammonia is mainly used to produce nitric acid, urea and other chemical fertilizers. It can also be used as raw materials for medicine and pesticides. In the national defense industry, it is used to make propellant for rockets and missiles. It can be used as ammoniation raw material of organic chemical products. Because liquid ammonia is transformed into gas ammonia after gasification, it can absorb a lot of heat, and is known as "refrigerant". At the same time, liquid ammonia has certain bactericidal effect, so it is used for sterilization, cooling and refrigeration in poultry breeding industry. Liquid ammonia can also be used in mercerization of textiles. Lone electron pairs in NH3 molecules tend to form coordination bonds with other molecules or ions to form various forms of ammonia complexes. For example, [ag (NH3) 2]+, [cu (NH3) 4]2+, BF3 · NH3, etc. are complexes coordinated with NH3. Liquid ammonia is a good solvent. Due to the polarity of molecules and the existence of hydrogen bonds, liquid ammonia is very similar to water in many physical properties. Some active metals can replace hydrogen and generate hydroxide from water, but it is not so easy to replace hydrogen in liquid ammonia. But liquid ammonia can dissolve metals to form a blue solution. This liquid metal ammonia solution can conduct electricity, slowly decompose and release hydrogen, and has strong reducibility. For example, liquid ammonia solution of sodium: the reason why liquid ammonia solution of metal is blue, conductive and highly reductive is that "ammonia electrons" are generated in the solution.